- High quality information and deep knowledge of migration-related risks and their internal and external activities environment are very important in the risk identification process.
- Historical information and resources about these or similar risks may also be very helpful as they can lead to correct predictions about current and evolving risks that have not yet been identified by the relevant stakeholders.
- Risk identification involves the recognition of the type of risk, and its sources as well as the recording of further useful information that is related to the risk.
- The better understanding of the risk sources and any relevant information, the better the outcomes of the risk assessment process and the more meaningful end effective the management of risks will be.
- The following table shows the defined main risk categories that the above processes identified, along with their corresponding risk sub-categories. For each of these categories, a brief justification is also given to explain the decision for including them.
| No | Risk Category | Risk Sub-Category | Risk Justifications |
|---|---|---|---|
| RC1 | Points of Interest |
Destination Countries Transit Countries |
This risk category has to do with the most popular countries of destination and/or transit countries regarding the irregular migration. |
| RC2 | Modes of Transportation |
Land Route Water Route Air Route |
The different ways that migrants employ to travel from their country of origin to their destination are referred to as modes of transportation. The geographical setting, the resources accessible to migrants, and the actions and presence of law enforcement all influence the modes of mobility. |
| RC3 | Modus Operandi |
People Means of Transport Country of Origin Documents Used Applied Guides Reference to Violence Other related issues |
"Modus operandi" describes the standard approach or procedure used to accomplish a task. Each specific threat has its own modus operandi often associated with the profile of the threat actors and the environment in which they operate. These strategies are employed for a variety of threats, including irregular migration, drug trafficking, human smuggling, human trafficking, commercialisation of false documents and many more. They are characterized by a few general traits and categories. |
| RC4 | Individual Variables |
Context - Dependent Factors Vulnerable Groups Operational Activities Route Factors Other Individual Variables |
This risk category refers to individual variables related to the treats and vulnerabilities regarding irregular migration. |
| RC5 | Push Factors |
Social Factors Political Factors Environment & Health Conflict Economy Other Push Factors |
This risk category refers to the reasons or circumstances that individuals or groups of people leave their home countries and migrate to other countries. The political, social, and economic environments in the nations of origin, as well as discrimination based on gender, religion, and ethnicity, resource scarcity, climate change, population imbalance, and many other variables, can all be regarded as push factors. |
| RC6 | Pull Factors |
Economy Social Factors Political Factors Environment & Health Other Pull Factors |
Pull factors are conditions or aspects of a destination that attract individuals to migrate to that location. These factors create a positive perception of the destination, motivating people to move there in search of better opportunities or living conditions. These factors can vary significantly depending on the individual's personal circumstances, aspirations, and the specific context of the origin and destination locations. |
| RC7 | Human Security Factors |
Individual/Embodied factors Situational factors Structural factors |
The CRiTERIA Deliverable D3.2 - Human Security Filter/ Composite Indicator serves as the foundation for this risk category. The term "human security factors" refers to a broad category of elements that support people's safety, well-being, and dignity. Depending on the situation, these elements may change, but they typically clude political, economic, environmental, health, and food security, as well as physical security. A comprehensive strategy that incorporates policies and initiatives from several sectors, such as governance, development, humanitarian aid, and peacebuilding, is needed to address these problems fully. In order to advocate for their own security and well-being and to take part in decision-making processes, it also needs to put an emphasis on empowering people and communities. |
| RC8 | Threat Actors' Profile |
Skills or level of expertise Motivations Intentions Threat Steps |
This risk category is crucial to the risk assessment process because it identifies the different threat entities that could be involved, each with unique roles, skills, and motives. Human trafficking networks, smugglers, dishonest government officials, extremist ganizations, employers and exploiters, transnational criminal organizations, and others are a few possible threat actors engaged in cross-border threats. In order to effectively prevent irregular migration and defend the rights and safety of migrants, it is imperative to comprehend the characteristics and motivations of these threat actors. This usually entails a multifaceted strategy that includes helping vulnerable populations with support services, addressing the underlying causes of migration, working with other countries, and stepping up law enforcement activities. |
Resources
AIRMIC, A. I. (2010). A structured approach to Enterprise Risk Management (ERM) and the requirements of ISO 31000. United Kingdom: The Public Risk Management Association.
Julia M Addington-Hall, E. B. (2007). Qualitative Methods of Data Collection and Analysis. In Research Methods in palliative care (pp. 140 – 161). Oxford University Press.
